Borne back ceaselessly into the past

Borne back ceaselessly into the past Someday I must tell you how I did it. Whoo! Its been a while, hasnt it? Sorry about that, chief. Basically what happened is that I had to do a Web Lab for 10.302: Transport Processes. What that means is we went into a lab in the secret sub-basement of Building 66, pressed on on a heater, and let it heat up for 20 minutes while the a computer recorded the temperature. Sure, that sounds pretty easy for a lab experiment at MIT. But the real challenge is to explain why it heats up, thermodynamically, electrically, and philosophically. So, twenty hours of MATLAB and Excel later, Ive got a beautiful data report ready that my partner Nia 07 is printing out in dazzling color as you read this, and nary a good nights sleep in three days. DID YOU KNOW? Building 66, designed by MIT graduate I.M. Pei, is built in the shape of a 30-60-90 right triangle. Building 66 also exemplifies the principle that when your MIT education brings you boundless wealth and power, you should still never donate a building to MIT, because nobody will ever use your name in referring to it. Sorry, Ralph Landau ScD 41, but you should have known better. If you lay down on your stomach at the 30-degree (or pi/6 radians, if you prefer) vertex, you get a most spectacular vertigo-inducing view of Ames St with essentially no ground below you. Uh, or so Ive heard from one of those crazy hacker types. Dont look at me, I live on West Campus. Oh, but my life has been much more interesting than that in the past week; its just that I havent had any time to tell you about it! I discovered whether humans swim faster in syrup or water, hiked five miles, and jumped from a 165-degree sauna into a 36-degree river. So, I hope you dont mind me writing entries this weekend which recount some of the non-transient-analysis-related aspects, even if I have to dig back as far as last Thursday to do so. Also, Sams Mom is here for Family Weekend. Wouldnt it be nice if I could convince her to write a guest entry? No, thats not gonna happen.

Descriptive Essay - Apples Are Honest - 948 Words

Strawberries are honest By: Sara Wallon, Director, EHS I have always loved strawberries. When I was little I was always overly excited about the first flat of red, juicy berries my grandmother would bring in. However, if I turned my back on those delicious, plump, scarlet berries, even for a just a quick moment, I would come back and find the entire flat of berries hulled, cut, and sitting in sugar. It was always such a disappointment that none of those berries survived their sugary fate to shortcake. Now, don’t get me wrong, I love a good strawberry shortcake, but I have always preferred the pure sweetness of the honest strawberry. Changing directions, but not topics. I recently reviewed a safety program that claimed to Motivate People to Work Safe – this statement really puzzled me. Are there really people out there who aren’t motivated to work safely, are there people out there would who would work safely, but can’t find a compelling reason to†¦I mean after all, what’s in it for them? Isn’t it safe to say that workers are intrinsically motivated to work in a way that will keep them from getting killed? I think we should be mindful to the fact the primary role of the human central nervous system is to keep people from harm; it’s hard wired into our bodies to avoid things that will harm us. People are designed to keep themselves alive. So why do people behave unsafely? Lots of reasons, actually, but here are a few of what I believe are the most common: Human Error.Show MoreRelatedEssay Writing Topics7045 Words   |  29 Pagesexamination will be paid. Please also note that the call letter does not constitute an offer of employment by the Central Recruitment and Promotion Department. 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You wish you had bothered to haul in that twelve-pack of Dr. Pepper you decided to leave in the car’s trunk. What do you do? Nobody brought cell phones. You could yell, but that is unlikely to help; you havent seen any other hikers since theRead MorePepsi-Performance Appraisal12521 Words   |  51 Pagesspecific incidents where employees did something really well or that needs improving during their performance period. 2. Weighted checklist method In this style, performance appraisal is made under a method where the jobs being evaluated based on descriptive statements about effective and ineffective behavior on jobs. 3. Paired comparison analysis This form of performance appraisal is a good way to make full use of the methods of options. There will be a list of relevant options. Each optionRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesscribbles. The proposal writer should have explicit note-organizing and note-management strategies. Figure 4.1 provides an example of edited and â€Å"cleaned-up† field notes for a study of kindergarten teachers. O’Hearn-Curran (1997) has formatted descriptive notes in a column on the left while reserving a second column on the right for her comments. These include her emerging analytic insights about the behavior. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDeviance: Bucking the Hierarchy? 506 Case Incident 2 Siemens’ Simple Structure—Not 506 4 16 The Organization System Organizational Culture 511 What Is Organizational Culture? 512 A Definition of Organizational Culture 512 †¢ Culture Is a Descriptive Term 514 †¢ Do Organizations Have Uniform Cultures? 514 †¢ Strong versus Weak Cultures 514 †¢ Culture versus Formalization 515 What Do Cultures Do? 516 Culture’s Functions 516 †¢ Culture Creates Climate 516 †¢ Culture as a Liability 517 Creating andRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesTABLE 1.1 Comparison of Routine Work with Projects Routine, Repetitive Work Taking class notes Daily entering sales receipts into the accounting ledger Responding to a supply-chain request Practicing scales on the piano Routine manufacture of an Apple iPod Projects Writing a term paper Setting up a sales kiosk for a professional accounting meeting Developing a supply-chain information system Writing a new piano piece Designing an iPod that is approximately 2 3 4 inches, interfaces with PC, and stores

Doing Business in South Africa Essays - 1250 Words

Doing Business in South Africa Introduction The South African culture compromise of: black Afrikaans , white Afrikaans, mixed-race Afrikaans, Asian-Indian, White Chinese-Taiwanese (Koopman van Muijen 1994). The black Afrikaans are the majority race in South Africa. The Zulu nation makes up the majority in the black Afrikaans, The white Afrikaans are the minority race and have the majority of the power. The white Afrikaans are predominately from the English origin. The mixed-race Afrikaans are closer to the white Afrikaans but they are discriminated against just like the black Afrikaans.The Asian culture is predominantly of the Indian origin. The Asian culture keep the heritage of their home land. The Chinese culture is mainly†¦show more content†¦This shows that both US and black Afrikaans distribute there wealth evenly. US executive should not expect black African executives to treat them with the usual respect or deference. Black African executive will want to get to know the executive in an informal manner. B eing loud will be interpreted poorly by black African executives. US executive should not be judgmental of the black Afrikaans appearance, demeanor or privileges. When the US executive is negotiating with white Afrikaans there scores are also similar. Because the majority of white Afrikaans originated from Britian; the figures from Hofstede’s scoring will reflect Great Britian. According to Hofstede’s ranking the US is 38th and white Afrikaans are 35th (Hofstede 1996). This shows that both US and white Afrikaans distribute there wealth evenly. The US executive should use the same negotiating style with both black and white Afrikaan executives. The color of the US executive will also constitute a shifting between the two executives. If the US executive is of African-American decent; then the white Afrikaans will see themselves as superior (Seidman 1999). If the US executive is of Caucausian decent; then the white Afrikaans will see themselves as equals (Seidman 1999). US executives need to remember to shake hands and call the white Afrikaan executive Mr. or Mrs. White Afrikaan executives hold meetings at there homes and they areShow MoreRelatedSouth Africa s Political, Economic, Legal, Cultural, And Commercial Aspects Of Doing Business With South1810 Words   |  8 Pages II. Country Analysis The following section will contain an analysis on South Africa’s political, economic, legal, cultural and commercial aspects of doing business with South Africa. Also, in this section is a strength, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT), analysis for Cardinal health in moving towards this venture. A. Political Analysis In 1948, the National Party (NP), backed for the most part by the people of Africa, won the all-white elections and began passing legislation enforcing anRead MoreOverview of South Africa1260 Words   |  6 PagesSouth Africa as the name sounds is located at the south side of Africa (CIA). It is about the size of Columbia (CIA). A country that rest between two great oceans, South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. Being partially surrounded; West, East and South, by water. It is regarded as the 25th largest nation in the world with a population of 48.6 million people (CIA). The average temperature for the country is warm, in the winter it’s dry and sunny, and in the summer it’s wet, rainy. The country is aRead MoreCultural Assessment : Western Africa Region772 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Assessment: Western Africa Region West Africa is defined by a series of elongated countries that border the Atlantic Ocean, with an exception of Burkina Faso. 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We will be highlight keep facts that banks work towards , the risks and opportunities and what people in South Africa benefit from it. There aim is to understand the concept and how it can influence people to take to consideration that when giving out a helping hand you receive a warm hand of appreciationRead MoreThe Economic System of South Africa1043 Words   |  4 PagesWhat type of economic system does this country have? Explain some of the benefits of this system to the country and some of the drawbacks. South Africa’s economic is mainly based on free market principles. However, as in most developed economies, competition is controlled by government intervention. Therefore, South Africa has a mixed economy in which there is a variety of private freedom, combined with centralized economic planning and government regulation. 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Uniform Civil Code in India Free Essays

Should India have a Uniform Civil Code? This is a question that causes agitation and furious debate everytime it is raised. It is a debate that has been raging for years now. Even the makers of our Constitution thought about it when they wrote it because the Article 44 our Constitution clearly states that :’ The state shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India’. We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform Civil Code in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy and are not binding on the Government.But let’s not get ahead of ourselves. First we shall define what is a Civil Code. A Civil Code is a systematic compilation of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core ideas of private law . A typical Civil Code deals with the common fields of law like the law of contracts, torts, property law, family law and law of evidence. Whereas commercial law, corporate law and Civil procedure is usually codified separately. Issues India is an amalgam of many societies. A majority of the people are Hindus whereas the Muslims form a considerable minority.Other than these, there are sikhs, jews, parsees, jains, buddhists etc. All religions have their own laws. We have 1) the Hindu law (which covers sikhs, jains and buddhists) 2) Muslim Personal Law 3) Christian Personal Law 4) Parsee Civil law. This itself is a blatant violation of the Article 15 of the Constitution which says that ‘The state shall not discrimate against any citizen on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. A Uniform Civil Code will administer the same set of secualr Civil laws for all the religions existing in the state.The Uniform Civil Code will override the people’s right to be governed under their own Personal Law based on their religion or ethnicity. Those for a Uniform Civil Code cite national integration as a reason, those against it say it will be a tool to annihilate minority identity. Personal laws for all religions are inherently unequal. For eg a divorcee in Muslim law is entitled to different things than in the Hindu law. Furthermore, the Article 14 of the Indian Constitution requires non-discrimination based on ‘sex’, whereas MuslimPersonal Law favors the man in many cases, especially in the issue of divorce and polygamy. Equality before the law would mean that Muslim women could take up to 4 husbands. These issues remain unresolved in the Constitution. Muslim Personal Law are challenged under the Constitution. The question is whether the government has any right to override the Personal Laws. The Shariat Act of 1937 hadn’t made any reference to the government’s power to interfere with it. However, one may assume that as the government passed the law, therefore it has the right to amend it. The government of india act, 1935 had ‘already empowered the legislature to make laws on subjects regulated by Personal Laws. ‘ In the celebrated case Mohd. Ahmed Khan v Shah Bano Begum AIR 1985 SC 945 (hereinafter referred to as the Shah Bano case), the Supreme Court pleaded for a Uniform Civil Code throughout India, and observed : ‘A common Civil Code will help the case of national integration, by removing disparate loyalties to laws which have conflicting ideologies. ‘ In the same way, in another decision of the Supreme Court Ms.Jorden Diengdeh v S. S. Chopra AIR 1985 SC 935, the court reiterated the urgent necessity for a Unifrom Civil Code, and observed : ‘ The time has now come for a complete reform of the law of marriage and make a Uniform law applicable to all people irrespective of religion or caste. ‘ The Shah Bano Case : A Turning Point Shah Bano was a 73 year old Muslim woman whose husband divorced her using the triple talaq method which means that a husband can divorce his wife by saying ‘i divorce you’ three times in three periods.So she petitioned the Supreme Court claiming that the criminal Code should apply to Muslims and that she deserved more maintenance than that precribed in the Muslim Personal Law which requires the husband to pay maintenance for only three months, the iddat period after the divorce. The court argued that even in the Quran, a woman is entitled to maintenance according to Sura 2:241-242. The court also said : ‘ Neglect by a person of sufficient means to maintain these and the inability of those persons to maintain themselves are the objective criteria of the applicability of Section 125. uch provisions, which are essentially of a prophylactic nature, cut across the barriers of religion. ‘ It added that : ‘Clause ( b) of the explanation to Section 125, which defines ‘wife’ as including a divorced wife, contains no words of limitation to justify the exclusion of Muslim women from its scope. The section is truly secular in nature. ‘ The response to the ruling was prompt. The Muslim leaders announced that they would sacrifice their ‘everything’ to protect their Personal Law.They felt that any attempt to dismantle the Personal Law would destroy the Muslim culture in the subcontinent. The government of Rajiv Gandhi, acted quickly and passed the Muslim Women’s (Protection of Rights in Divorce) Act in 1986, a law that provided the maintenance for Muslim women outside the criminal Code, thus ensuring that Muslim women were not protected under the Constitutional right to equality, and that they could no longer have recourse to Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.The act set the path for the return of the mahr and the standard maintence during the iddat period. Other Cases In the Sarla Mudgal case (1995 AIR 1531 1995 SCC (3) 635), the court held that the Hindu law can only be dissolved on any of the grounds specified under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. Conversion to Islam and marry ing again would not, by itself, dissolve the Hindu marriage by the Act. And, thus, a second marriage solemnised after converting to Islam would be an offence under Section 494 of the Indian Penal Code.In the case John Vallamattom vs the Union of India Writ Petition (Civil) No. 242 of 1997, he appealed to the court to strike down Section 118 of the Indian Succession Act of 1925, which prevents Christians from willing property for charitable and religious purposes. The then Chief Justice of India VN Khare held that : ‘ In Smt. Sarla Mudgal vs the Union of India 1995 (3) SCC 635, it was held that marriage, succession and like matters of secular character cannot be brought within the guarantee enshrined under Article 25 and 26 of the Constitution. ‘For the reason aforementioned, the writ petition is allowed and Section 118 of the Indian Succession act is declared unConstitutional being violative of the article 14 of the Constitution. ‘ Apart from the Shah Bano case (1985) and the Sarla Mudgal case (1995), there have been several other plea s by Hindu wives whose husbands converted to Islam only in order to get married again without divorcing the first wife. A Ray of Hope In the small state of Goa, a Civil Code based on the old Portuguese Family Laws exists, and Muslim Personal Law is prohibited.This is the result of indian occupation of Goa in 1961, when the government promised the people that their laws would be left intact. Commenting that the dream of a Uniform Civil Code in the country finds its realisation in Goa, former Chief Justice of India Y. V. Chandrachud had once expressed hope that it would one day ‘awaken the rest of bigoted India. ‘ Conclusion Tahir Mahmood in his study, Muslim Personal Law, concludes that ‘Article 44 does not require the state to enforce a Uniform Civil Code abruptly; it rather gives a latitude for the introduction of such a Code in stages.. .Since the Muslims and other minorities were not prepared to accept and work social reform, enactment of an all embracing Civil Code could be lawfully deferred. ‘ It appears as if, in the long run, the Muslim Women’s Act, 1986 has accomplished what the Supreme Courts original ruling had been in 1985, ie the Muslim women deserve maintenance outside their iddat period. Slowly but surely the courts have chipped away at the most blatantly discriminatory pieces of Islamic law.The basic feeling is that polygamy should be banned outright, women should be able to petition for divorce easily, husbands should not be able to use the triple talaq method of divorce, and that the maintenance be granted as it is with the non-Muslims. Basically, what they are arguing is for the application of the Special Marriage act of 1954 to be applied to Muslims, rather than it being optional for people to marry under this act. With the age of absolute majority bygone, it has become increasingly dif ficult for the move for a Uniform Civil Code to gather enough support within the Parliament to be successful. Also, for historical reasons, this demand had acquired a communal tone and many partners in the coalition government that have become the norm, are wary of the cause because of obvious vote bank concerns. We can only hope that we bridge all these gaps and finally make good of the promise given to the people by the founding fathers. It is a long dream for having for our nation a Uniform Civil Code, as our nation is not just a single nation, but comprises of several nations, several lifestyles and several cultures. How to cite Uniform Civil Code in India, Papers

Compare and contrast Human Interest and Porphyrias Lover Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast Human Interest and Porphyrias Lover Essay In this essay, I will be examining two poems Porphyrias Lover, by Robert Browning, and Human Interest, by Carol Ann Duffy. The poems, which are both dramatic monologues, have many similarities, but they also have many differences. Porphyrias Lover first appeared in January 1836, whereas Human Interest was written in the late 1900s. The murderers in Porphyrias Lover and Human Interest have some similarities, as well as many differences. I will examine the similarities first. The first similarity is that both murderers are almost certainly male, although there is more evidence in Human Interest than in Porphyrias Lover. I believe that both are male because in Human Interest the murderer talks about the other bloke, implying that this persona is male, and in Porphyrias Lover the killer strangles Porphyria. This suggests a degree of strength not commanded by nineteenth-century women. Also, homosexuality was not acceptable then, although this may go towards an alternative explanation as to why the two lovers can only meet in secret. I also know that both murderers loved their victims; the text in Human Interest clearly states I loved hermy baby, and Porphyrias lover describes his love of her. Because the murderers loved their victims it makes the motives for the killings, which I will examine later, all the more interesting and the murders themselves harder to comprehend. Another similarity that I have noticed is that both murderers are mentally weak they both murder their partners because they are jealous that they may end up marrying someone else. Succumbing to jealousy in this way also suggests that they are in some way insecure, and need to remove the cause of the problem, that is their partners, to feel secure again. There are also many differences between the two murderers. Exploring their lifestyles, we can see that the murderer in Porphyrias Lover is quite lazy, leaving Porphyria to make the cheerless grate blaze up instead of doing it himself. In contrast, the killer in Human Interest says Id slogged my guts out for her, implying that he is a very hard worker. The murders themselves also differ enormously the murderer in Human Interest brutally stabs his victim, presumably after an argument or when she becomes upset, whereas Porphyrias lover strangles her in cold blood. Also, unlike Porphyrias lover, the Human Interest murderer is bitter about murdering his love, and the fact that hes been convicted and jailed he recollects Id slogged my guts out for her, but she lied when I knew different. Conversely, Porphyrias murderer is unfazed by his act, and proud that God has not said a word. Also, it seems that Porphyrias lover has not yet been caught. Studying the poem further explains this the murderer is talking about his deed on the night of the murder, so no-one has noticed yet. Another difference that I have noticed is that the Human Interest murder is completely spontaneous, unlike the briefly pre-planned murder of Porphyria. In Human Interest the victim turned away, dismissing her (ex-)lover, and the murderer stabbed, whereas Porphyrias lover debated what to do. I will now study the similarities and differences between the victims, once again beginning with their similarities. Unlike the murderers, it is easier to determine the gender of the victims both murderers refer to them with words like her and she. Porphyria is an unusual name, and although it sounds feminine, I cannot conclude from the name alone that the victim is female. We do not know the name of the victim in Human Interest. We know that both victims were workers Porphyrias first action upon appearance is to make the fire blaze up, and the killer in Human Interest claims that his victim used to meet some prick after work. This suggests that they have something in common both are happy to go against the standard form of conduct (male works, female stays at home) and work for their loves. This suggests a strong character in both women. I will now investigate the differences. In Porphyrias Lover, we know that Porphyria was not a bad person. In fact, she seemed to be very loving, kind and gentle she shut the cold out and the storm, and made the cheerless grate blaze up. We know that she loved her killer, as she was murmuring how she loved me . In contrast, the victim in Human Interest may have been sleeping with someone other than her lover/husband, although we dont have conclusive proof that she was. Indeed, the only reason I think this is because the murderer says that she used to meet some prick after work. His proof is that he found a silver heart, which he assumes the other bloke had bought her. Analysis Of the poem 'Limbo' EssayTaking the idea of the woman Porphyria representing all sufferers further, we could say that the murderer in Human Interest is symbolic of all those who have done the same, and his words are their thoughts. This raises the issue of crime and murder being far too common in the modern world, and perhaps that law and order generally is breaking down. When the poem was written, fifteen to twenty years ago, the punk era was just about at its height, and this may symbolise the mass rebellion against conventional etiquette. There are many important techniques which the two writers, Robert Browning and Carol Ann Duffy, have used and I will now compare and contrast these. The first, and possibly most obvious, technique used is to do with structure. Unlike Human Interest, Porphyrias Lover is set out as one long verse, with no line breaks. This gives the structure no defining characteristics, and therefore gives nothing away about the content of the poem. It could be symbolic of the murderer having something to hide, for example the murder. It could equally suggest that the speaker is in a hurry to say what he wants to. Human Interest, on the other hand, has an intriguing structure, as it is that of a sonnet (four verses set out where the first verse and third verse have four lines, and the second verse and fourth verse have three lines). This is so interesting because, although the principle theme of the poem appears to be the murder, poems set out in this way are usually love poems. The poem starts of in quite an angry tone, but it seems that the murderers sentiments switch to loving his victim in the final two verses. An angry Id slogged my guts out for her appears in the second verse, but in the third verse the murderer says that he loved her. There is also a definite rhyming pattern in Porphyrias Lover in sections of five lines, the last words rhyme in the following order: A, B, A, B, B. Although there is rhyming present in Human Interest, it is erratic. This suggests confusion in the personas mind. Furthermore, the neatly arranged rhyming in Porphyrias Lover suggests that the persona has complete control of their thoughts, and that they are completely calm. The style of the writing also differs between the two poems in Human Interest, standard, (that is, how one would normally speak) informal, colloquial language is used. This gives the impression that the persona no longer cares, and cant even be bothered to speak properly. The text is also in a confessional style, which is typical of Duffy. Porphyrias Lover, on the other hand, is quite a formal style, and the persona is simply telling the story, without any obvious guilt. In Porphyrias Lover, Browning has used exaggeration for effect by having the persona say that he wound Porphyrias hair three times her little throat around. I believe this to be exaggerated because, if it were true, Porphyrias hair would have to be about four feet long, which is ridiculous. There is no exaggeration in Human Interest, but there is a lot of isotropy the persona repeatedly emphasised the point that he loved his victim. This is demonstrated in quotes like I loved her, my baby, and she wasnt a tart. He also emphasises his angry reaction to her infidelity thirty seconds to complete, I stabbed, she stank of deceit. Finally, both poets use enjambment, albeit irregularly. This shows long and deep, but slightly erratic, thought at times by both personas. After reviewing Porphyrias Lover and Human Interest, I have found that they are very similar in many ways, although they do have their differences. Both poems are based on the theme of murder for love, and murder resulting from jealousy.

Exercises Solutions Essay Example

Exercises Solutions Paper The population is employed adult women, the sample is the 48 club members who returned the survey. . 2 WHAT IS THE POPULATION? For each of the following sampling situations identify the population as exactly as possible. That is, say what kind of individuals the population consists of and say exactly which individuals fall in the population. Fifth information given is not complete, complete the description of the population in a reasonable way. (a) Each week, the Gallup Poll questions a sample of about ISO adult U. S, residents to determine national opinion on a wide variety of issues. An individual is a person; the population is all adult LLC_S_ (b) The 2000 census tried to gather basic information from every should in the United States. But a long form requesting much additional information was sent to a sample of about of households. An individual is a household; the population is all U. S. Households. (c) A machinery manufacturer purchases voltage regulators from a supplier. There are reports that variation in the output voltage of the regulators is affecting the performance of the finished products. TO assess the quality Of the suppliers production, the manufacturer sends a sample of 5 regulators from the last shipment to a laboratory for study. An individual is a voltage regulator; the population is all the regulators in the last hinted. 5. 3 TEACHING READING An educator wants to compare the effectiveness of computer software that teaches reading with that of a standard reading curriculum, He tests the reading ability of each student in a class of fourth graders, then divides them into vivo groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Exercises Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Exercises Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Exercises Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One group uses the computer regularly while the other studies a standard curriculum. At the end of the year, he retests all the students and compares the increase in reading ability in the two groups. 15 this an experiment? Why or why not? What are the explanatory and response variables? This is an experiment: A treatment is imposed. The explanatory variable is the teaching method (computer assisted or standard), and the response variable is the increase in reading ability based on the pre- and opposites. 5. ALCOHOL AND HEART ATTACKS Many studies have found that people who drink alcohol in moderation have lower risk of heart attacks that either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. Does alcohol consumption also improve survival after a heart attack? One study followed 1913 people who were hospitalized after severe heart attacks. In the year before their heart attack, 47% of these people did not drink, 36% drank moderately, and drank heavily. After four years, ewer of the moderate drinkers h ad died. Is this an observational study or an experiment? What are the explanatory and response variables? Observational. The researcher did not attempt to change the amount that people drank. The explanatory variable is alcohol consumption. The response variable is survival after 4 years. 5. 6 ARE ANESTHETICS SAFE? The National Halftone study was a major investigation of the safety of anesthetics used in surgery, Records of over 850,000 operations performed in 34 major hospitals showed the following death rates for four common anesthetics Anesthetic: Death Rate: A I B I C D I There is a clear association between the anesthetic used and the death rate of patients. Anesthetic C appears to be dangerous. (a) Explain why we call the National Halftone Study an Observational study rather than an experiment, even though it compared the results of using different anesthetics in actual surgery _ The data was collected after the anesthesia was administered. (b) When the study looked at other variables that are confounded with a doctors choice Of anesthetic, it found that Anesthetic C was not causing extra deaths. Suggest several variables that are mixed up with what anesthetic a patient receives. Type of surgery, length of surgery, (maybe longer operations require anesthetic C), age of patient, (maybe older patients respond better to anesthetic C) patient allergy to certain anesthetics, how healthy the patient was before the surgery.. 5. 7 CALL THE SHOTS A newspaper advertisement for USA Today: The Television Show once said: Should handgun control be tougher? You call the shots in a special call-in poll tonight. If yes, call If no, call 1-900-720-6182. Charge is SO cents for the first minute. Explain why this opinion poll is almost certainly biased. Only persons with a strong opinion on the subject-?strong enough that they are willing to spend the time, and SC cents-?will respond to this advertisement. 3 HOW 9, 10, 13 15 5. 9 CHOOSE YOUR SAMPLE You must choose an SIRS of 10 of the 440 retail outlets in New York, that sell your companys product* How would you label this population? Use Table 8, starting at line 105, to choose your sample. Labeling from OIC to 440, we select 400, 077, 172, 417, 350, 131, 211, 273, 208, and 074. 5. 10 WHO SHOULD BE INTERVIEW OWED A firm wants to understand the attitudes of its minority managers toward its System for assessing management performance. Below is a list of all the firms managers who are members of minority groups. Use Table B at line 139 to choose 6 to be interviewed in detail about the performance appraisal system. Augural Gates Peters Anderson Geol. Pledge Baxter Gomez Purr Bonds Hernandez Richards Bowman Hang Rodriguez Castillo Kim Santiago Cross Lila Sheen Deal Mourning Vega Fernando Enable Wang Fleming Starting with 01 and numbering down the columns, one chooses 04-Bonds, ID-Fleming, 17 -Lila, 13-Enable, 12-Geol., and 13-Gomez. 5. 3 SAMPLE ENG FRAME The list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected is called the sampling frame. Ideally, the frame should list every individual in the population, but in practice this is often difficult, A frame that leaves out part of the population is a common source to undercover. (a) Suppose that a sample of households in a community is selected at random trot the telephone directory. What households are omitted trot this frame? What types of people do you think a re likely to live in these households? These people will probably be underrepresented in the sample. Households without telephones, or with unlisted numbers. Such households would likely be made up of poor individuals (who cannot afford a phone), those who choose not to have hones, and those who do not voguish to hue their phone number published (b) It is more common in telephone surveys to use random digit dialing equipment that selects the last four digits of a telephone number at random after being given the exchange (the first three digits). Which Of the households you mentioned in your answer to (a) will be included in the sampling frame by random digit dialing? Those With unlisted numbers would be included in the sampling frame when a random digit dialer is used. 4 5. 14 RING-NO-ANSWER A common form of moroseness in telephone surveys is ring. Answer. That is, a call is made to an active number but no one answers. The Italian National Statistical Institute looked at moroseness to a government survey of households in Italy during the periods January 1 to Easter and July 1 to August 31. All calls were made between 7 and 10 p. M. , but 214% gave ring- no-answer in one period versus 41. 5% ring-no-answer in the other period. Which period do you think had the higher rate of no answers? Why? Explain why a high rate of moroseness makes sample results less reliable. The higher no- answer was probably the second period-?more families are likely to be gone for vacations, etc. Moroseness of this type might underrepresented those who are more affluent (and are able to travel), 5. 1 S QUESTION WORDING During the 2000 presidential campaign, the candidates debated what to do with the large government surplus. The Pew Research Center asked two questions of random samples of adults. Both questions stated that social security would be fixed. Here are the uses suggested for the remaining surplus: Should the money be used for a tax cut, or should it be used to fund new government programs? Should the money be used for a tax cut, or should it be spent on programs for education, the environment, lath care, crime-fighting and military defense? One of the questions drew 60% favoring a tax cut; the Other, only 22%. Which wor ding pulls respondents toward a tax cut? Why? The first wording would pull respondents toward a tax cut because the second wording mentions several popular alternative uses for tax money. HOW 17, 18, 21, 24, 26, 27, 30 5. 17 EQUAL PAY FOR MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES? The Excite Poll can be found online at http://elite. Excite. Com. The question appears on the screen, and you simply click buttons to vote Yes, No, or Not Sure. On January 25, 2000, the question was Should female athletes e paid the same as men for the work they do? In all, 13,147 (44%) said Yes, another 15,182 (50%) said No, and the remaining 1448 said Not Sure. (a) What is the sample size for this poll? 13,147 4 15,182 4 1448 = 29,777, (b) Thats a much larger sample than standard sample surveys. In spite of this, we cant trust the result to give good information about any clearly defined population. Why? Theres nothing to prevent a person from answering several times. Also, the respondents were only those who went to that Web site and took the time to respond. We cannot define moroseness in this situation. C) More men than women use the Web. How might this affect the poll results? The results are slanted toward the Opinions Of men, who might be less likely to feel that female athletes should earn as much as men. 5 5. 18 WORDING BIAS Comment on each of the following as a potential sample survey question. Is the question clear? Is it slanted toward a desired response? (a) Some cell phone users have developed brain cancer. Should all cell phones come with a warning label explaining the danger of using cell phones? The wording is clear. The question is somewhat slanted in favor of warning labels. B) 00 you agree that a national system of health insurance should be favored because it would provide health insurance for everyone and would reduce administrative costs? The question is clear, but it is clearly slanted in favor of national health insurance by asserting it would reduce administrative costs. C) In view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion, would you favor economic incentives for recycling to resource-intensive consumer goods? The question could be clearer by using simpler language. It is slanted in favor of incentives by starting out discussing environmental degradation. 5. 21 TESTING CHEMICALS A manufacturer of chemicals chooses 3 from eac h lot of 25 containers of a reagent to test for purity and potent}L Below are control numbers stamped on the bottles in the current lot. Use Table 8 at line 111 to choose an SIRS of 3 of these bottles. Tioga AY AY BI 102 BI 189 AY All 13 80386 81 103 81223 AY 117 81011 81110 81277 AY AY 81036 BI 81286 AY 108 AY 81101 Bal 137 81299 Number the bottles across the rows from 01 to 25, then select 12 -? 80986, 04 -? AY, and 11 AY. (If numbering is done down columns instead, the sample ill be AY, Bal 102, and AY. ) 5. 24 RANDOM DIGITS Which of the following statements are true of a table of random digits, and which are false? Briefly explain your answers. (a) There are exactly four So in each row of 40 digits. False-?if it were true, then after looking at 39 digits, we would know whether or not the 40th digit was a O, contrary to property 2 (b) Each pair of digits has chance 1/100 of being CO. True-?there are 100 pairs of digits 00 through 99, and all are equally likely. (c) The digits 0000 can never appear as a group, because this pattern is not random. False-?OOH is just s likely as any other string of four digits, 6 5,26 CHECKING FOR BIAS Comment on each of the following as a potential response? (a) Which of the following best represents your opinion on gun control? 1. The government should confiscate our guns. . We have the right to keep and bear arms. This question will likely elicit more responses against gun control (that is, more people will choose 2). The two options presented are too extreme; no middle position on gun control is allowed. (b) A freeze in nuclear weapons should be favored because it would begin a much needed process to stop everyone in the world from building nucle ar paeans now and reduce the possibility Of nuclear war in the future. DO you agree or disagree? The phrasing of this question will tend to make people respond in favor Of a nuclear freeze. Only one side Of the issue is presented. C) In view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion, would you favor economic incentives for recycling of resource- intensive consumer goods? The wording is too technical for many people to understand-?and for those that do understand it, it is slanted because it suggests reasons why one should support recycling. It could be rewritten to meeting like: Do you support economic incentives to promote recycling? 5. 27 SAMPLE ENG ERROR A New York Times opinion poll on womens issues contacted a sample to 1025 women and 472 men by randomly selecting telephone numbers. The Times publishes complete descriptions of its polling methods. Here is part of the description for this poll: In theory, in 19 cases out of 20 the results based on the entire sample will differ by no more than three percentage points in either direction from what would have been obtained by seeking out all adult Americans. The potential sampling error for smaller Bosporus is larger. For example, for men it is plus or minus 5 percentage points. Explain why the margin of error is larger for conclusions about men alone than for conclusions about all adults. A smaller sample gives less information about the population. table constituted only about nonwhite of our sample, so we know less about that group than we know about all adults. 5. 30 SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLE sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample Of apartments in a large building or dwelling units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. An example will illustrate the idea of a systematic sample. Suppose that we must choose 4 addresses out of 100. Because 100/4 = 25, we can think of the list as four lists of 25 addresses. Choose 1 of the first 25 addresses at random using Table B. The sample contains this address and the addresses 25, 50, and 75 places down the list from it. If the table gives 13, for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered 13, 38, 63, and 88. (a) use Table B to choose a systematic random sample to 5 addresses trot a list of 200. Enter the table at line 120. Split the 200 addresses into S groups of 40 each. Looking for 2-digit numbers trot 01 to 40, we tint 35, and so take 35, 75, 1 15, 155, and 195. B) Like an a systematic random sample gives all individuals the same chance to be chosen. Explain why this is true. Then explain carefully why a systematic sample is nonetheless not an SIRS. Every address has a I-in-40 chance of being selected, but not every subset has an equal chance of being picked-?for example, 01, 02, 03, 04, and SO cannot be selected by this method. HOW 31, 36 For each Of the experimental situations described in Exercises 5. 31 t o 5. 34, identify the experimental units or subjects, the factors, the treatments, and the response variables. 5. 1 RESISTING DROUGHT The ability to grow in shade may help pines found in the dry forests of Arizona to resist drought. How well do these pines grow in shade? Investigators planted pine seedlings in a greenhouse in either full light or light reduced to 5% of normal by shade cloth. At the end of the study, they dried the young trees and weighed them. Units are the individual trees. Factor is the amount of light, Treatments are full light and reduced light, Response variable is the weight tooth trees. 5. 3 IMPROVING RESPONSE RATE How can we reduce the rate of refusals in telephone surveys? Most people who answer at all listen to the interviewers introductory remarks and then decide whether to continue. One study made telephone calls to randomly selected households to ask opinions about the next election. In some calls, the interviewer gave her name, in others she identified the university she was representing, and in still others she identified both herself and the university. For each type of call, the interviewer either did or did not offer to send a copy of the final survey results to the person interviewed. Do these differences in the introduction affect whether the interview is completed? The units are the individuals vivo were called. One factor is what information is offered. Second factor is offering to send a copy of the results. Treatments are (I) giving name, (2) identifying university, (3) both Of these. The treatments are either offering or not offering. The response is whether the interview was completed. 8 5. 34 SICKLE-CELL DISEASE Sickle-cell disease is an inherited disorder of the red blood cells that in the United States affects mostly blacks. It can cause severe pain and many complications. Can the drug hydroxide reduce the severe pain caused by sickle-cell disease? A study by the National Institutes of Health gave the drug to 150 sickle-cell sufferers and a placebo (a dummy medication) to another 150. The researchers then counted the episodes of pain reported by each subject. Subjects: 300 sickle cell patients. Factor: drug given. Treatments: hydroxide and placebo. Response variable: number of pain episodes. COMPARING LEARNING METHODS An educator wants to compare the effectiveness of computer software that teaches reading with that of a standard reading curriculum. She tests the reading ability of each student in a class of fourth graders, then divides them into two groups. One group uses the computer regularly, while the other studies a standard curriculum. At the end of the year, she retests all the students and compares the increase in reading ability in the tuft groups. (a) Is this an experiment? Why or why not? This is an experiment, since the teacher imposes treatments (instruction methods). (b) What are the explanatory and response variables? The explanatory variable is the method used (computer software or standard curriculum), and the response is the hang in reading ability. 536 OPTIMIZING A PRODUCTION PROCESS A chemical engineer is designing the production process for a new product. The chemical reaction that produces the product may have higher or lower yield, depending on the temperature and the stirring rate in the vessel in which the reaction takes place. The engineer decides to investigate the effects of combinations of tuft temperatures (517 C and ICC) and three stirring rates (60 RPM, 90 RPM, and 120 RPM) on the yield of the process. She will process vivo batches of the product at each combination of temperature and stirring rate. A) What are the experimental units and the response variable in this experiment? The experimental units are the batches of the product; the yield of each batch is the response variable. (b) How many doctors are there? How many treatments? Create a table to lay out the treatments. There are two factors: temperature (with 2 levels) and stirring rates (with 3 levels), for a total of 6 treatments. (c) How many experimental units are required for the experiment? Since two experimental units will be used for each treatment, eve need 12. G HOW #33 39-41, 46, 49, 56 539 RECRUITING FEMALE EMPLOYEES Will providing child care for employees sake a company more attractive to women, even those who are unmarried? You are designing an experiment to answer this question. You prepare recruiting material for two fictitious companies, both in similar businesses in the same location. Company As brochure does not mention child care. There are two versions of Company Bis brochure, identical except that one describes the companys on-site childcare facility. Your subjects are 40 unmarried women who are college seniors seeking employment. Each subject will read recruiting material for both companies and choose the one she would prefer to work for. You Will give each version of Company Bis brochure to half the women. You expect that a higher percentage of those who read the description that includes child care will choose Company B. (a) Outline an appropriate design tort the experiment. Randomly select 20 women for Group 1, which will see the childcare version of Company Bis brochure, and assign the other 20 women to Group 2 (the no childcare group). Allow all women to examine the appropriate brochures, and observe which company they choose, Compare the number from Group 1 who choose Company B with the corresponding number from Group 2. B) The names of the subjects appear below. SE Table B, beginning at line 131, to do the randomization required by your design List the subjects who will read the version that mentions child care. Abram Adamson Fife Brown Scansion Chem. Cortez Curias Danielson Durra Edwards r-Luray Garcia Surgeons Green Guppy Guttering Howard Hang Sessile Jangle Kaplan Kim Loiterer Lifespan Martinez McNeill Morse Eng Quinines Riviera Roberts Rosen Suburbias Thompson Traverse Turing Almsman Williams Wong Numbering from 01 to 40, Group 1 is 05-Scansion, 32-Roberts, 19-Hang, 04- Brown, 25. Lifespan, 29. Eng, 20-sensei, 16. Guppy, 37. Turing, 39. Williams, 31. Riviera, 18-Howard, 07- Cortez, 13-Garcia, 33-Rosen, 02-Adamson, 36-Traverse, 23-Kim, 27- McNeill, and 35. Thompson. 5. 40 ENCOURAGING ENERGY CONSERVATION Example 5. 13 (text page 297) describes an experiment to learn whether providing households with electronic indicators or charts will reduce their electricity consumption. An executive of the electric company objects to including a control group, He says, It would be simpler to just compare electricity use last year (before the indicator or chart was provided) with consumption in the same period this year. If households use less electricity this year, the indicator or chart must be working. Explain clearly why this design is inferior to that in Example 13_ If this year is considerably different in some way from last year, we cannot compare electricity consumption over the two years Poor example, if this summer is warmer, the customers may run their air conditioners more often. The possible differences between the two years would confound the effects of the treatments. 541 EXERCISE AND HEART ATTACKS Does regular exercise reduce the risk of a heart attack? Here are two ways to study this question. Explain clearly why the second design Will produce more trustworthy data. A researcher finds 2000 men over 40 who exercise regularly and have not had heart attacks. She matches each With a similar man Who does not exercise regularly, and she follows both groups for 5 years. 2. Another researcher finds 4000 men over 40 who have not had heart attacks and are willing to participate in a study. She assigns 2000 of the men to a regular program of supervised exercise, The other 2000 continue their usual habits. The researcher follows both groups for 5 years. The second design is an experiment-?a treatment is imposed on the subjects. The first is a duty: it may be confounded by the types of men in each group. In spite of the researchers attempt to match similar men from each group, those in the first group (who exercise) could be somehow different trot men in the non-exercising group. L. 5. 46 CARBON DIOXIDE AND TREE GROWTH The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO) in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly due to our use of fossil fuels. Because plants use CO to fuel photosynthesis, more CO may cause trees and other plants to grow faster. An elaborate apparatus allows researchers to pipe extra CO to a 30-meter circle of forest. We want to compare the growth n base area of trees in treated and untreated areas to see if extra CO does in fact increase growth. We can afford to treat three circular areas. (a) Describe the design of a completely randomized experiment using 6 well-separated 30-meter circular areas in a pine forest. Sketch the circles and carry out the randomization your design calls for. Assume that the 6 circular areas are given in advance. Number them in any order. Use Table B to select 3 for the treatment. We used line 104. The first 4 digits are: 52 71. We cannot use the 7 because it is more than 6. Therefore, we would treat areas 5, 2 and 1. B) Areas within the forest may differ in soil fertility. Describe a matched pairs design using three pairs of circles that will reduce the extra variation due to different fertility. Sketch the circles and carry out the randomization your design calls for. If the pairs are not given in advance, divide the 6 areas into 3 pairs 50 that the elements of each pair are close to each other and therefore to similar fertility. For each pair, we randomly pick one of the two to receive the treatment. Label the two areas in each pair A and B. Fifth random number from Table B is even, then apply the treatment to area A. Otherwise, apply the treatment to Area 8. Alternatively, we could go along the table looking for either a 0 or a 1, ignoring the other digits. If eve find a O before a I, then treat area A. Otherwise, treat B. DOES SAINT-JOHNS WORTH RELIEVE MAJOR DEPRESSION? Here are some excerpts from the report of a study of this issue. The study concluded that the herb is no more effective than a placebo. (a) Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Explain the meaning of each of the terms in this description. Randomized means that patients were randomly assigned either SST. Johns Worth or the placebo. Double-blind means that both the subjects and those Who work With the subjects do not know Who is getting What treatment. Placebo controlled means that we will compare the results for the group using SSL Johns Worth to the group that received the placebo. B) Participants . . Were randomly assigned to receive either Saint-Johns. Worth extract (n = 98) or placebo (n = 102) The primary outcome measure was the rate of change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression over the treatment period. Based on this information, use a diagram to outline the design of this clinical trial. . 53 DOES CALCIUM REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE? You are participating in the design of a medical experiment to investiga te whether a calcium supplement in the diet will reduce the blood pressure of middle-aged men. You have available 40 men with high blood pressure who are willing to serum as subjects. (a) Outline an appropriate design for the experiment. Randomly assign 20 men to each of tuft groups. Record each subjects blood pressure, then apply the treatments: a calcium supplement for Group 1, and a placebo for Group 2. After sufficient time has passed, measure blood pressure again and observe any change. B) The names Of the subjects appear below. Use Table B, beginning at line 119, to do the randomization required by your design, and list the subjects to whom you Will give the drug.

Business Plan Essays - Retail, Free Essays, Term Papers

Business Plan Essays - Retail, Free Essays, Term Papers Business Plan BUSINESS DESCRIPTION Oak Furniture Warehouse, is a furniture store specializing in the selling of furnishings constructed hardwoods, the bulk of which will be oak, to Coeur dAlene area customers. The store will be a show floor/warehouse, with 85 percent of the available space open to the customers. The merchandise has been carefully selected to be affordable to the majority of consumers along with higher line items for upgrades and future purchases. Oak Furniture Warehouse, plans to open for business during January, 2000. The store will be open Monday thru Friday, from 10:00 am till 8:00 pm and Saturday, from 10:00 am till 6:00 pm. In the strong and stable furniture sales market, Oak Furniture Warehouse will stand out as a leader in customer service and quality craftsmanship. A strong customer focus, an accessible location and a broad product line will enable the establishment to slowly and steadily develop a loyal customer base. The retail demand for home and office furnishings is seasonal and business in Coeur dAlene fluctuates according to the seasons. Primarily, the Oak Furniture Warehouse, will attract business during seasonally slow months through a comprehensive marketing and promotional strategy to generate additional revenues in these slack periods. Secondly, by directing attention to the business and home office markets, which budget more on a fiscal basis. Finally, there is no direct competition in the area giving The Oak Furniture Warehouse an advantage in the lack of competition. MARKET PROFILE Oak Furniture Warehouse, will provide quality, competitively priced specialty furniture not yet available from a single source in the Coeur dAlene metro area. The goal is to sell solid, well built furniture through a knowledgeable and professional sales staff in an inviting atmosphere, that will encourage customers to return to the Oak Furniture Warehouse for all their home furniture needs. The well crafted quality of our product. The affordable pricing and group discounts. Convenience of a local location. Our convenient location, where ample parking is available. Word of mouth advertising from past customers. CUSTOMER PROFILE The 4 major categories of customers are: First time buyers, recently out on their own Young families - renting or purchasing a home Families updating their existing furnishings General population fulfilling a need for furniture Younger family being our largest market target. According to research (Washington State Business Journal, 1990 US Census, and area statistics) the target customer for home furnishings is as follows: Educated female Twenty two to thirty two years old Lives with her family in a home Family income of $30,000 to $45,000. Experience has shown that on the average, customers are ready to update their furniture every six years and this would translate into a stable source of future sales. DESCRIPTION OF COMPETITION Black Canyon Oak Originals - 901 N. 3rd, Coeur dAlene, ID A high end, specialized furniture store with limited floor space and inventory. Targets the more affluent homeowners and resort area tastes. 4 years in business 3 sales persons, 1 warehouse person no delivery The Furniture Broker - 609 W. Appleway, Coeur dAlene, ID A large franchise furniture showroom specializing in upholstered lower quality furniture located north central Coeur dAlene. The furniture broker is well-financed and uses extensive advertising campaign. They offer a large array of mass produced accessories for sale from its retail floor. 2 years in business 3 sales persons, 2 warehouse persons, area delivery Runge Furniture Co. - 303 E. Spokane Ave., Coeur dAlene, ID A large store that has a good reputation and has been in the area for many years. They offer all home furniture, of all hardwood types and are priced high for the market. They only carry expensive, well known makers of furniture. Their staff is friendly and knowledgeable. 43 years in business 3 sales persons, 1 warehouse person, area delivery MARKETING STRATEGIES Being a new store the primary plan is to have a grand opening sale, lasting 9 days (over two weekends). Advertising will be through the local newspaper, flyers will be sent out to all new home buyers within the last 6 months, renting of a balloon for location exposure, having a clown on the first two weekends and to give away one bedroom set as prize for visiting the new Oak Furniture Warehouse. Ongoing advertising will be shared with the Spokane stores, which consists of Yellow Pages